Can Virtual Communication Substitute Human Relations?

According to UN’s telecommunications agency one of the three people is involved in the internet. Cyberspace has created a means for people to come closer together. Rather than spending money on phone services, people in different cities or even different countries can use messenger services, social networking or email to communicate. The Internet allows people to find old friends, classmates, and family members, or meet new people. Many people treat Internet as an enjoyable way of spending their free time.The most significant feature of internet is the possibility of global communication which gives a lot of opportunities to find a related soul or even a true love; however it does have certain drawbacks that people tend to forget about. In other words, despite the fact that internet is convenient tool of communication; people should not forget about big value and advantages of real conventional relations. One of the benefit from building relationship, people are able to talk w ith thousands of people all over the world.In real life it would not be possible, even if they would spend all their life traveling and having new relationships. While using the computer a person can have a friend in Russia or talk with tango dancers from Argentina. What is more online friends do not judge weight, skin color or clothes. Despite the pluses which were mentioned above, one of the major disadvantages of virtual communication, especially at the beginning of new acquaintance is that anyone can enhance the truth as much as he wants.Not all sites require a photo, and even those that do cannot guarantee that the photo is a real one. Clear signs that the photo may be a fake are strange backgrounds that might indicate a stock image, photos that appear professionally taken and photos that seem old rather than current. Unfortunately some people are not able to identify counterfeit images therefore the internet makes it easy to lie, thus in some cases almost impossible to discern whether the ad is honest or the truth is being embellished.Furthermore, relations through the internet reduce or eliminate face-to-face socialization. Due to the autonomy afforded by the virtual world, individuals are free to create a fantasy persona and can pretend to be someone else. Besides that it is hard to say no, be rude, or ignore someone when you are looking them in the eye. Also, it's incredibly easy and quick to unfriend or unfollow someone or simply block their efforts to make a connection. In other words, just one click of the mouse and your problems would be finished.Unfortunately, this feature of online socialization cheats people of the opportunity to learn how to resolve conflicts in the world outside the Internet and it could retard or cripple one's social skills developments. A report from the National School Boards Association shows that 41 percent of teenagers spend their time posting messages instead of face-to-face interactions with their peers. In conclusion , although the extension of virtual influence is increasing day by day, the real human interactions will not be replaced among society.

Culture Shock & Insatiable Emptiness Essay

Culture is one aspect of a person’s individuality that is deeply entrenched in him after years of socialization and learning the ways, beliefs, thoughts and world view of one society or any group of people. When one is uprooted from the familiarity of the culture that he has internalized, the consequence involves disorientation, anxiety, and other host of psychological and even physiological imbalance. Such is the experience described by Evelyn Lau in her essay Insatiable Emptiness. In her vivid and poetic descriptions, she tells how she violently coped with the changes that were occurring within her adolescent body and how her negative response to these changes affected the stability of her health for eight years. The case of Lau’s maladjustment to her bodily changes and the way people around her, specifically her mother, reacted to her maturing body can be considered a form of culture shock. As a child, Lau says that she had been accustomed to the way her body looked: â€Å"I had been thin and healthy, with flat belly and limbs† (495). The image of her as a slender girl was instilled in her mind and became the identity that she appropriated for herself. However, this familiarity with her body was undermined by the natural, adolescent changes that occurred within her. At age 11, Lau got her first period and the hormonal imbalance brought unwanted changes in her breasts and hips. She began to see her natural metamorphosis as something that must be hidden, â€Å"terrible workings† which she must immediately expel out of her body (496). Because she was unprepared for the changes occurring within her, she reacted negatively to it, wanting to return to the familiar image of her body. Lau says that she â€Å"longed to make [her body] translucent, pared down, clean as a whistle† (496). When Lau describes the sensation she felt after vomiting food out of her stomach, she refers to it as a feeling of being â€Å"clean and shiny inside, like a scrubbed machine† (495). This is the sensation she got addicted to. Despite the unpleasant experience of forcing food out of her body and the foul taste of acid passing through her mouth, not to mention the detrimental effects of acid on her oral cavity, Lau got fixated on vomiting. The unpleasant activity became pleasurable in her mind because psychologically, she made herself believe that the act of vomiting purges her body of the unwanted changes that was occurring within her and that this act also brings her back to the familiar, internalized image of herself as a slender girl. What worsened her misperception of the natural adolescent changes was the negative response of her family, specifically her mother, to these changes. Instead of being a support in understanding her situation, her mother ridiculed Lau for her growing breasts and her insatiable appetite. Lau says that her mother’s actions â€Å"convinced [her] there was something wrong with [her] body† (496). Lau’s mother was a very controlling woman. Lau believes that her mother’s actions were motivated by the reality that as Lau was becoming a full grown woman, her mother began to see her daughter grew distant from her. Lau was becoming a separate part of her mother and her mother did not want Lau to be different and unfamiliar. As a result, her mother put Lau on strict diets, ridiculed her body and downgraded her by saying that she will never amount to anything because she was just like her weak father. In this sense, Lau mother’s also experience culture shock because the unfamiliar caused her to have an imbalance of perception. After eight years of suffering from bulimia, Lau’s body took the toll of her abusive behavior. Her and her mother’s failure to adjust to the novel experience of adolescent changes led her to a behavior that weakened her body and resulted to irreversible consequences. Lacking the encouragement and assurance that she needed, Lau resorted to a violent behavior directed toward herself. She feigned self-esteem when her insides were corroding with incessant self-hatred. She became withdrawn and obsessive for control just like her mother. Controlling the changes in her body is a manifestation that Lau wanted things to stay as they were because the changes she encountered was too shocking for her to accept. Being withdrawn, violent to oneself and obsessive for control are just few of the negative responses to culture shock. If not reversed, altered or mediated, these behaviors, as seen in Lau’s narrative, can result to a maladjusted person who is unprepared to meet any further changes. To some extent, I can relate to Lau’s experience because I too have undergone culture shock when I first encountered university life. Although my experience was not as violent or traumatic as Lau’s, I also responded negatively to the unfamiliar territory, to some degree. I was only about 18 when I first stepped in the halls of the university. To me, it was a totally different world, bustling with chaotic energy that my adjusting self was unprepared to match. I was caught in the wave of fast-paced change that I began to be negative about the unfamiliar experience during my first few months in the university. Being in a place stripped of the comforts of home and the certainty of the place where I grew up in was just like being fish out of water. There were discomforts and at times, severe bouts of anxiety. When I look back at those few months of nervously finding my way through this new environment, I remember it to be one huge blur, an indistinct rush of unfamiliar faces, behavior, ways and manners. The university I attended was set in a sprawling hectare of land with buildings so far apart it was so easy to get lost. The vast space which I discovered alienated me and I knew then that I needed some company. However, I found out that it was not as easy to blend in an environment whose unfamiliarity seemed hostile. It seemed to me back then that I was traversing dangerous grounds, a foreign territory whose internal rules and codes of conduct I did not understand. I was tentative when I introduced myself to others or try to make connections that would give me bearing as I was being hurled from one strange experience to another. What compounded my confusion and anxiety was the fact that I was an immigrant and being in the minority put me in constant check of myself whether I was rightly blending in or I was sticking out too much. Although diversity is one of the things they hail in the university, I could not help but see my foreignness to be at fault, somehow, to the anxiety I was experiencing. Like Lau, I had mistaken the anxieties from culture shock to be something that is accountable to my behavior or being and not to the fact that the unfamiliarity was unnerving to me. As a result, I became withdrawn for the first few months. I cruised the university halls by myself, aware of my alienation with the crowd. My social disengagement stressed me out, and I found it hard to initially cope with my academic load. The method of teaching and learning in the university was another factor in my brief alienation and to me the whole culture of independent study and fast-paced instruction shocked me. Although I had been oriented and prepared for university education in terms of studying skills and habits, the initial encounter with the actual thing was disorienting. I was managing my classes on my own, without the aid of peers. Professors hurled academic requirements to us by truckloads and I had to keep myself afloat in the torrent of term papers and coursework. When I came to the point that things got too big for me to handle, I sought help. I remember in Lau’s essay that she too sought help for her condition, but backed away because she had to wait in line. I think it is her failure to get early professional help which led to her aggravated addiction. In my experience, the perspective and advice of a person outside the eye of the storm of culture shock are valuable. I was able to positively adjust through the aid the student services made available for people going through the same confusion and anxiety. Culture shock, as seen in both my experience in my early days in the university and in Lau’s transforming body, can be experienced on many levels. It does not only refer to disorientation to a culture in the conventional definition involving race and nationality. It may also pertain to any confusion brought about by the intrusion of an unfamiliar behavior, image, or environment. Whatever the source of culture shock is, it is clear that the experience is temporal and must be dealt with positively. Reference Lau. E. (2006). Insatiable Emptiness. In Reinking, J. , Osten, R. Cairns, S. and Fleming, r (Eds. ) Strategies for Successful Writing: A Rhetoric, Research Guide, Reader and Handbook, Third Canadian Edition (pp. 495-499). Canada: Pearson Education.

Autism and Special Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Autism and Special Education - Research Paper Example The paper is organized into several sections starting with the introduction, which provides an overview of the topic and purpose of review. The next section identifies positive behavior patters plans for autism. This will be followed by the section on PBS plans for special education teachers dealing with children with autism. The next section will identify and discuss evidence-based practices applied by special education teachers providing PBS interventions for children with autism. This will be followed by a section that presents related research studies. Finally, the paper will end with the discussion section that will identify the main implications for special education teachers providing PBS interventions for children with autism. As the report declares the success of the PBS program is based on several things. Some of these include administrative support, policy alignment, capacity and skills of support providers, consistency with overall vision, values, and mission of the system, collaboration among stakeholders, and availability of resources. All these factors can affect the implementation and success of the PBS intervention. Children with autism are unique in the sense that they are more vulnerable to acquiring challenging behaviors that could interfere with their development, learning, and functioning. Such challenging behavior can be categorized into disruptive behaviors or repetitive behaviors.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Assignment Example greater democracy within the Russian Empire that the reader will be able to integrate more fully with an understanding of why the events of the subsequent Russian Revolution were set in motion by the process that will herein be described; both as a function of its overall levels of success and its overall level of failures. The development of the early Russian Duma began as early as 1905/1906. For instance, the Stolypin reforms, reforms aimed at abolishing the prior system of land ownership and development within the Russian Empire, helped to engage the following key reforms: development of agricultural education, funded by the state, dissemination new methods of land improvement, for the lines of credit for peasants, development of large-scale individual farming, and lastly the somewhat ominous inclusion of introduction of agricultural cooperatives (Steinwedel, 2000). With a taste of the way in which reforms could in fact impact upon all individuals within society to a certain degree, the desire for greater autonomy and integration with the Democratic process was born. Although successful in engaging some key reforms that prompted changes to the Russian Empire, the Duma was ultimately unable to speak to the key failures that existed within the Russian Empire; namely, the fact that the Tsar continued to hold absolute power and although giving the Duma some latitude with regards to the functions it could engage, the final legislative power was still held within the hands of the nobles and the Tsar himself. Historically, many analysts have viewed the initial success and ultimately failure of the Duma as contingent upon the fact that the appetite of the people was whetted with regards to what a degree of democratic choice could portend (Kropotkin, 2008). For instance, under pressure after the horrific loss of territory that the Russian Empire faced after its loss to the Empire of Japan at Port Arthur and other key battles, the Tsar convened the first Duma;

Common ground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common ground - Essay Example According to Terris (1999), one sixth of the total land base in our country yielded to development within a short ten year period from 1982 to 1992. This author’s article deals with the issue of a decline or extinction in various species caused by bulldozing down grasslands and forests, thus building towards a plea for the conservation and preservation of wildlife. The article by Shaw (2004) however, does acknowledge that human activity has stripped away a considerable amount of forested land, thereby depriving the wildlife of their habitat; however reforestation has also been active and this has produced a condition where the nation is now a haven for wild animals and many species that were once endangered are not multiplying in record numbers. For wxample, Shaw (2004) cites the example of the bald eagle, whose population was once down to 32 pairs but has now increased to 329 known active bald eagle nests. In providing an argument that urban sprawl has contributed to the decl ine in certain species of wildlife, Terris(1999) provides specific examples of such species that have been out at risk, such as the Florida panther, the pygmy owl, the kangaroo rat and even plant species such as the saguaro cactus. Her analysis is based upon the following main arguments: (a) Development of land for habitation and especially leap frog developments have eroded the natural habitat for wildlife. (b) Patterns of urban growth have produced loss of habitat for several species of wildlife, fragmentation or the breakup of ecosystems and the generalization of ecosystems wherein only the hardy species that can survive on green lawns and stuff from garbage cans are able to survive. (c) Conservation alone cannot save wildlife, what is necessary is control over development patterns, i.e, restricting unfettered and unplanned development and effectively managing growth in such a manner that it protects wildlife The article by Shaw (2004) is based upon two singular aspects; first th e proliferation of wildlife and second, the increasing proximity of humans to wildlife. In support of her claim that reforestation is rekindling many once diminished species, Shaw (2004) offers the following arguments: (a) Natural reforestation is increasing due to the decline in farming, especially in the eastern United States, which is also increasing wildlife (b) Suburbanization or low density development outside the cities provides a variety of habitat and vegetation that is a draw for animals. (c) A new ecology is being established, i.e, with suburbanization, people build new kinds of habitat such as bird feeders, gardens and ornamental nurseries which are breeding grounds for meso mammals, or mid sized species which only need smaller areas to roam (d) Some species such as deer and geese are both wildlife success stories and a cause of nuisance as well. For example, deer can be a nuisance in the form of deer related collisions, carriers of Lyme disease and damage to crops and s eeds. (e) Increasing proximity of wildlife has become a cause of concern in several areas, for example a mountain lion attacked a woman riding a bicycle near a wild life park. (f) On the basis of her arguments, Shaw(2004) argues that there seems to be an apparent compatibility between human and wild life and the growing notion and people can exist side by side with wilds animals. Entrepreneurs are making efforts to build natural sites

Arab-Israeli war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arab-Israeli war - Essay Example When they left their homeland, they dispersed to different European areas while carrying their identity with themselves. They ended up being quite successful and their success resulted in anti Jewish sentiments. The Jewish community experienced rejection throughout the world and during the 638 AD, the land recognized as Jerusalem was taken over by the Ottoman Empire and Muslim rule was observed in this area. Later in 1517, the region of Palestine was captured by the Ottoman Empire and during the period of 1897 the congress of the Zionist started protesting for a homeland of the Jewish community in the region of Palestine. Later during the World War I, British obtained support from the Arab community by promising them a separate land which even included Palestine in return of their support during the war to defeat turkey which was supporting the Germans in the war. Three years later, the British even promised Jews for a separate homeland in the region of Palestine. Before this promise , the region was divided between France and Britain. In this division France secured the regions of Syria and Lebanon and Britain secured the regions of Iraq and Jordon while an agreement was made to internationalize the region of Palestine. After the war, British failed to keep its promises and Jews started migrating to the region of Palestine. ... er in size and more amount of land was assigned to the Jewish community because of sympathies the UN had for Jews due to their experience during the Holocaust. The first wave of war that took place between Arabs and Jews was an outcome of the creation of independent state from the Jews and this region as recognized as Israel. Due to this Arabs started fighting against Israel and took hold of a small region recognized as the Old City of Jerusalem. This war led to a ceasefire, but after the first four weeks of this Cease fire, the Jews made advancements and another cease fire took place. Then in the August of 1948, the war started again and a cease fire was observed during 1949. Due to this, Arab refugees gained refugee in camps created on the borders of Israel which is another cause of the entire conflict. This led to the division of the entire region into three parts with Jews covering major portion of the region. In 1956 Jews again started war over Egypt and later cease fire took pl ace but by that time Jews had taken over the Gaza strip along with Sharm el Sheikh. Later Jews returned these pieces of land by getting into an agreement through which they could access Gulf of Aqaba (Tucker 850). The Jews even banned the return refugees and this is one of the long term reasons due to which Arabs hate the Jews to date. Later more land was captured by Jews during 1967, but it was later returned as enforced by United Nations. Approximately 20 years later, Palestinian uprisings started to take place in the region of Gaza Strip and these uprisings were called as Intifada. These uprisings were conducted by people of all ages and in these uprisings, the Israeli army was stoned by the protestors. As feedback, Israeli army started killing children who were protesting and a three

What form of audience do social tags of this kind enable Discuss the Essay

What form of audience do social tags of this kind enable Discuss the social and communicative properties of this kind of audience, using these tweets as evidence to support your claims - Essay Example Social tagging also plays a major role in connecting the users who have similar interests. The users can be able to share among themselves relevant piece of information regarding their area of interest (OReilly, & Milstein, 2009). Different tweets are usually posted to address different types of audiences. The different types of audiences have a common characteristic in that they are all imaginary in the mind of the writer. The three main types of audiences to which tweets can be addressed include (Clark 2012); the writer’s audience, the networked audience, and the broadcast audience. The writer’s audience: In this type of audience, the user tries to imagine the potential audience that have a high likelihood of gaining interest in the intended tweet and composes the tweet that is tailored for the perceived audience. The user tries to form a picture of the audience in his/her mind in order to compose a tweet that will meet the needs of that specified group of audience. The user usually expects responses from the audience. The broadcast audience: In type of audience, the user does not have a specific group of audiences in mind. The user just composes a tweet that is intended for any audience. For this situation, the user does not expect to get any response regarding the tweet. They compose a tweet that is meant for the consumption of the general public, and response for them is not a priority. The networked audience: This type of audience combines the characteristics of both the writer and the broadcast audience. Unlike in the broadcast audience, the user here composes a tweet that is intended of a large group of audience, but he/she has an idea of the type of audience to which the tweet is intended for. Just like in the writer’s audience, the user here also expects to get responses from the audience regarding the tweet. According to the sample tweets that have been provided, the form of audience that is most likely to be enable is the

The Network Management Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Network Management Systems - Research Paper Example The network management systems are designed on higher level structures called network management frameworks. There are several network management frameworks like the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and fault-management, configuration, accounting, performance, and security (FCAPS) framework. This report will follow the five staged FCAPS framework to analyze eight NMSs. Selection of a correct NMS relies heavily on an objective requirement analysis. These requirements include hardware, software, and connectivity requirements. Keeping these requirements in mind the report will draw comparisons between various NMSs on the basis of cost, network management standards, future support, relative advantages and security features required at IT LAB. However, the focus of the report will remain on the FCAPS framework for an efficient evaluation of Network Management Systems being gauged. Each of these solutions will be checked for its dynamic response in network fault-managem ent, configuration, and issues related to network security. The assistance provided the by the NMS for remote configuration and fault resolution is another important area which can help in its evaluation of competitive advantage. The selected solution is supposed to be proactive in order to ensure high availability and maximum uptime. Although, provisions like automated setup and configuration are not presently required the availability of such facilities will certainly make a difference in the final selection of a network management solution. No matter how stringent a network security may be, the selected network management system is required to provide a prompt disasters management and recovery mechanisms. All of the NMSs will be assessed for the self-healing and regulated recovery provisions. Another important feature is the ease of use and user-friendliness of the NMS.

Art in south afric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art in south afric - Research Paper Example The art show will be followed by a briefing regarding South African art and the country. Objectives The proposed art show is directed to create awareness and learning in regards to other cultures and perspectives from around the globe. The art show is also expected to enhance the understanding of students taking Africa-related classes as well as students who are researching African art and culture. The audience will also be provided a chance to compare contemporary North American art with art from Africa, bringing out the nuances in culture and belief between both societies. Moreover, the briefing regarding South Africa, its art and culture following the art show is expected to enhance the understanding of the audience in regards to how African art has evolved over the ages. Active feedback will be sought from the audience using comment cards that will be provided to each visitor. Changes deemed necessary by the audience will be incorporated to the proposed art show and will be kept in note for future art shows. It is hoped that a successful art show will convince other universities to follow suit. Context The proposed art show is expected to draw in a varied audience composed of students, teachers and members of staff at Indiana State University. Learning about other cultures, their values and norms is increasingly necessary, given the multi-racial outlook of modern society. The art show presents students with a chance to peer beyond their own cultural traditions so that they may breed tolerance for other cultures. Audiences will be handed out small brochures as guides to the art show. These brochures will include information regarding South Africa and regarding the art pieces on display. Community Connections Volunteers from the community will be required to watch over the show to ensure that the art pieces are not vandalized in any form. In addition, volunteers will be required in order to usher the incoming audiences and to manage the entire art gallery dur ing exhibition time. The volunteers will be expected to open up the gallery and shut it down each day that the exhibition proceeds. Before the start of the art show, volunteers will be needed to set up the pieces of art in the art gallery while making sure that no piece gets damaged. In addition, custodians will clean up once the show is over for one day so that the art gallery is in great condition for the next day’s show. Budget The proposed art show will require funding in order to procure South African art from the parent country and from around the globe. The funding will be spent for two major causes – buying the artwork and then transporting the artwork to Indiana State University. The funding could be derived by holding a fund raiser that could appeal to the students as well as other bodies’ faculty and staff and the community. Moreover, the departments for art and history will be requested to release some funds in order to sponsor the art exhibition. Ou treach and Promotion Proper marketing effort needs to be made to drive people to attend the art show. In order to market the cause, posters will be exhibited all across the campus including the cafeterias and common rooms. Moreover, posters will be placed on notice boards around the campus as well as the entrances of all major buildings. In order to take advantage of social networks, a marketing campaign will target various social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, My Space etc. The university’

HPLC Analysis of Caffeine Essay Example for Free

HPLC Analysis of Caffeine Essay The main objective of this lab is to gain experience in using and reading results from the HPLC machine. 2) The first step is to inject a series of caffeine standards into the machine in order to get results/values of peak height and area. 3) The next step is to investigate the effects of a series of HPLC parameters on Retention time, peak height and peak area. 4) To use above data from peak height and area to construct two standard curves vs concentration. Introduction: Caffeine is a common organic molecule found in many beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola. It is a stimulant to the central nervous system. Which is why the majority of the population use it in one form or another to help stay alert. In general people drink caffeinated drinks like the ones mentioned above in order to obtain their â€Å"fix†. However with many recent studies in the area caffeine tablets are becoming a very popular way for athletes in lots of different sports to stay alert even when fatigue is setting in. HPLC stands for High Performance Liquid Chromatography but is also referred to as High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. It is used for separating mixtures either to analyse the mixture or to separate a required product from others in a reaction mixture. It can also be used to find the relative amounts of different components in a mixture. HPLC works along the same lines as paper chromatography. In paper chromatography a liquid (mobile phase) moves past a solid (stationary phase). In paper chromatography the stationary phase consists of water molecules bound to the cellulose in the paper, the mobile phase carries different components of the mixture along with it. How fast each one moves depends on its relative affinity for the mobile and stationary phases. In HPLC the stationary phase is a solid packed into a column and the liquid is forced through the column by high pressure pumps. The pumps force the mixed solvents through the column the solvent emerging from the column carries the separated components of the mixture and is passed into the detector where a beam of ultraviolet light shines through it. There are many different types of detector depending on what you are analysing. This light is at a wavelength that is absorbed by all the components to be separated. When the detector reading drops the component that is absorbing the UV light is coming out of the column and passing through the detector. The time it takes for each component to come off the column is called its retention time and can be used to help identify it. The more polar component comes off the column first followed by the less polar. Materials: As per laboratory manual.

The History Of Asian Indian Immigrants History Essay

The History Of Asian Indian Immigrants History Essay As immigration historians have established, the history of Asian Indian immigrants consisted of three major significant waves. The first wave began at about the middle of the nineteenth century when the first Asian Indians arrived in America. In fact, by the end of the nineteenth century, about 7300 Indian immigrants mostly settled in California and the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Leonard, 1992, p. 232). According to Bhatia and Takaki, the first wave immigrants were mostly farmers and laborers. Most of these immigrants were Sikhs from the Punjab region in India. However, after immigrating to the U.S., initially, many of these immigrants were employed as railroad workers on the Western Pacific Railroad and helped to construct the Three-Mile Spring Garden Tunnel. Sometimes they also replaced Italian railroad workers who were on strike in Tacoma, Washington (Bhatia, 2007, p. 82; Takaki, 1989, p. 302). Later these immigrants moved to California to work with the Southern Pacif ic Railroad where they found employment in agriculture. After a while these immigrants settled throughout the Sacramento Valley in northern California and found work on the fruit and rice farms of Marysville, Tudor, Willows, and Chico. These Punjabi immigrants also spread to the San Joaquin Valley, and joined the work in grape and celery fields. Further, Asian Indians moved to the Imperial Valley, where they used to gather cantaloupes and picked cotton (Takaki, 1989, p. 302-303). These Punjabi farm laborers organized themselves into teams of workers ranging from three to fifty people. Each group had a leader who was more highly educated and could communicate in English and keep the group working efficiently. They used to grow crops that were familiar to them in India. Skilled in cultivating and harvesting, most of these Punjabis were exceptional farmers, hard workers who were willing to work in any circumstance (Takaki, 1989, p. 306). Despite working from ten to fourteen hours per day Indian immigrants were paid from twenty-five to fifty cents less per day than Japanese laborers (Takaki, 1989, p. 303). As the main objective of the first wave immigrants was to explore economic opportunity, the main identifying characteristic of these immigrants was their need to survive and have financial stability. Opportunities in the United States provided an economic solution to their problems. For example, salaries in India ranged from 5 to 8 cents per day, and in the United States from 75 cents to 2 dollars per day (Wherry, 1907, p. 918-919). Therefore emigration to the United States offered relief from poverty and hope for financial stability. In the first wave, most of the immigrants were male. These immigrants were not allowed to bring their family with them. Most of them were habituated to live alone and lost most of the contacts with their family and home country. One immigrant named Saint Nihal Singh in his essay, which was published in the magazine Out West, argued that One of the chief points of difference between the immigrant from India and those hailing from Europe lies in the fact that the European brings along with him his family (La Brack, 1982, p. 60). The immigrants economic status, lack of rapid inter-continental communication or travel, as well as restrictive immigration and citizenship laws made it difficult for them to visit India. At the same time, due to another by-product of immigration laws, they were not allowed to bring their family which explains the shortage of Indian immigrant women. Along with the lack of Indian women, their exclusion from social interaction with American dominated society, which was reinforced by anti-miscegenation laws, led this immigrant cohort to marry Mexican American women (Leonard, 1992, p. 131-132; Takaki, 1989, p. 309-310). This fact becomes clear when comparing the percentage of Mexican wives among Indian immigrants in California between 1913 and 1947. In northern California, where there is a relatively small population of Indian immigrants, only 47 percent of wives are Mexican, but in southern California, where the immigrant population is much higher, almost 92 percent of wives came from M exico. As a result, another identifying characteristic of the first wave Indian immigrants was their willingness to mix with other races in the absence of Indian women, further cutting ties with their Indian culture and heritage. This mixing led to a blend of the cultural traditions of Asian Indians and Mexicans and sometimes to a dominant Spanish culture in their home life. For example, their progeny spoke Spanish not Punjabi, celebrated Christian rather than Sikh holidays, they replaced some Indian foods with similar Mexican foods such as tortillas for rotis and Jalapeno peppers for Punjabi chili peppers. Also the Catholic religion was adopted and the first names of children were most often Spanish (Takaki, 1989, p. 311). Over time, the traces of Indian heritage became thinner and thinner which also brought cultural differences and conflicts and led to more divorces among these couples (Takaki, 1989, p. 310). In the 1890s America attracted more Indian immigrants; however, as these immigrants were getting more in number than required, they became labor competitors with white workers and were often victimized by white working-class antagonism and violence. In response to exclusionist pressures, immigration officials targets Asian Indians seeking admission to the United States and denied many Indians between 1908 and 1920, on the grounds that they would likely become public charges (Takaki, 1989, p. 297).The growth of the Punjabi community was cut short by the 1917 Immigration Act, which prohibited further immigrants from India (Leonard, 1992, p. 32; Bankston, 2006, p. 68). However, a few decades later Indian immigrants of this first wave had become a part of the society and some were actively involved in social affairs and gained higher positions. For example, Dalip Saund in 1957 became the first Asian Indian senator from California when he was elected to Congress after it had passed a bill allowing naturalization for Indians in July 1946. Like many early Indian immigrants, Saund had come to the United States from Punjab and had worked initially in the fields and farms of California. Then, he had earned a doctorate at the University of California, Berkeley (Dasgupta, 2006, p. 139). 2.1.2. Second Wave of Indian American Immigrants In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed a bill that has dramatically changed the method by which immigrants are admitted to America (Kutler, 2003, p. 230; Bankston, 2006, p. 320). The significance of this bill was that future immigrants were to be welcomed because of their professional skills, but not based on their country of origin. After the passing of this bill, significantly larger numbers of Asian Indian immigrants started migrating to the U.S. leading to the second wave. Between 1965 and 1974, Indian immigrants to the U.S. increased at a rate greater than those from any other country (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). This was mainly because of their fluency in English, high professional skills and level of education. Bhatia has stated that the second wave of immigrants was very different from the first wave of Indian immigrants in terms of their economic, educational and social status (Bhatia, 2007, p. 14). Takaki also claims that the first and second waves of Indian immigrants were worlds apart. In a published interview by Barkan, Dr. S. Patel who was a second wave immigrant, agreed with Takaki, describing the difference of the first and second waves: It is a class thing. They came from the farming, the lower class. We came from the educated middle class. We spoke English. We went to college. We were already assimilated in India, before we came here (Barkan, 1983, p. 48). The immigrants who emigrated after 1965 were overwhelmingly urban, professional, highly educated and quickly engaged in gainful employment in many U.S. cities. Many had prior exposure to Western society and education which led to a relatively smooth transition to the United States. In between 1966 and 1977, 83 percent of Indians who entered the U.S. under the occupational category of professional and technical workers; the entrants of this time included many scientists, doctors, and engineers (Prashad, 2000, p. 75). In addition, Bhatia states that most of this group of Asian Indians was trained as medical doctors, engineers, scientists, university professors, and doctoral and postdoctoral students in mostly science-related disciplines like chemistry, biochemistry, mathematics, physics and biology (Bhatia, 2007, p. 14). However, both waves of immigrants from India shared a desire for a better life in America with greater opportunities for economic growth and independence (Takaki, 1989, p. 445). The second wave of immigrants enjoyed greater success with the greater economic opportunities in America because of their education. They could possibly make their life in India, but they also saw more opportunity in America. Unlike the first wave of immigrants, the second wave of immigrants defined themselves differently in relation to the U.S. and their home country. They were more educated, professional, and socially stable as they were allowed to bring their families. Though the search for economic opportunities brought both waves to the United States, the second wave of immigrants was able to earn more money and have improved standard of living than first wave immigrants. Also they maintained their ties with their culture and heritage through their families. Unlike the first wave immigrants, who were mainly male, the second wave immigrants were both male and female. Some Indian immigrant women used to work out of their home, contrary to traditional Indian American norms as well as to those in the first wave of Asian Indian immigrants. As a result, they participated in the mainstream of America and adapted to US culture faster and became more bicultural than those Indian immigrant women who adopted more traditional roles (Nandan, 2007, p. 395). Contrary to the first wave of immigrants from India, the second wave had the means to frequently visit their homeland to visit friends, attend important events and care for their parents. The second wave of immigrants had the means to own property such as houses which was not so easy for the first wave immigrants due to their low earnings and restrictions. Due to this reason some Indian immigrants in this wave moved to the suburbs which made them isolated from the many Indian families living in the city. Therefore, they often felt loneliness and did not felt comfortable in developing close bonds with the neighborhood too. This made them to maintain some of the Indian food and religious customs within their homes (Nandan, 2007, p. 396). 2.1.3. Third Wave of Indian American Immigrants The third wave of immigrants was marked by important shifts in the legal and sociopolitical environment, resulting in new patterns and dynamics in Indian American immigration. Due to Family Reunification Act which was passed in 1990, a large proportion of Indian Americans entered in to the US. This led to a third wave (from 1990 to the present time) of new arrivals of Indian American immigrants, which included both highly skilled professionals and a working and lower middle class population (Landale, 1997, p. 283). As a part of the Reunification Act, some of the third wave of Indian immigrants came specifically to join their family. Most of them are either siblings (sometimes they are very poor or uneducated) or aged parents (who are old and/or retired) of the highly skilled professionals unlike the second wave (Ross-Sheriff, 2004, p. 150). Therefore, economic stability or opportunity meant very little to this group in comparison with the previous waves of immigrants and also the highly skilled professionals. However this group of people tried to find work or started small businesses or worked in small businesses such as motels, gift shops, grocery/convenience stores or gas stations. In addition, many of these newcomers could not become financially independent, but rather stayed closely tied to their children or siblings (Bankston, 2006, p. 69; Ross-Sheriff, 2004, p. 150). According to Prashads statistics, 9,910 Indians, 1,694 Pakistanis, and 711 Bangladeshis came to the U.S. as highly skilled laborers in 1996. In comparison to the figures for those who came under the family reunification scheme are far higher, that is 34,291 Indians, 9,122 Pakistanis, and 8,221 Bangladeshis (Prashad, 2000, p. 79). With this shift in mode of entry, the education and socioeconomic profile of Indian Americans has become more diverse, complex and heterogeneous than the previous wave of immigrants. The second wave of immigrants who were already settled, invited their family members when the reunification act passed, allowing them to hold on more tightly to their culture. As a result, the third wave failed to assimilate into their new culture, choosing to live according to their own customs. Because of the arrival of the extended families, their culture and heritage could be maintained through the large number of Asian Indians living together in one area. As a result, small Indian communities were established allowing the third wave of immigrants to avoid the American culture. They could wear their own clothes; they could eat their food; they could speak their own language, and they could practice their own religion (Khandelwal, 2002, p. 164). Following the 2001 terrorist attacks against the U.S. on 9/11, the legal and political context of South Asian immigration once again shifted in some important ways. Thus, South Asian immigrants, especially men from the majority Muslim countries of Bangladesh and Pakistan, have been subject to a variety of surveillance measures instituted by the United States. It is not yet clear how these new measures will affect immigration from South Asia. As a result, there are some signs of decline in the rates of South Asian immigration, especially from Bangladesh and Pakistan. Reports in 2003 suggested those from Bangladesh and Pakistan are moving to more receptive countries like Canada (Sachs, 2003, p. A1). 2.2. Development of Asian Indian Immigrants This section describes briefly the facts and figures about Indian Americans in terms of population numbers, growth rate, education, language, etc. The growth of the population of Indian Americans has changed dramatically over the past few decades. According to the records the first wave consisted of 2000 immigrants. Between 1948 and 1965, 6,474 Asian Indians entered the United States as immigrants (Bankston, 2006, p. 68). During the 1980s the number of immigrants increased exponentially. According to the 1990 US Census about 570,000 Indians immigrated to America. Table 1 shows that the growth rate of Indian American immigrants from 1980 to 1990 increased significantly by about 35%. This growth rate continued from the 1980s to the 1990s. The growth rate from 1990-2000 is 14.42%. Even though the growth rate is lower compared to the previous growth rate, the population of Indian Americans in 2000 crossed the number of 1.5 million. The US Census 2000 shows that among all Asian ethnic groups the Indian Americans are the third largest ethnic group consisting of about 1,678,765 people (Table 2). Over 50 percent of foreign-born Asian Indians entered the U.S. between 1990 and 2000, compared with a rate of about 18% who entered before 1980. In 2007 over 2 million Indian Americans are listed in the data (U.S. Census Bureau). This is due to the land of opportunities with a good amount of perks and salary. In addition, globalization and multiculturalism is also playing a major role to attract immigrants. Most of the Indian Americans settled in populated states such as New York, California, New Jersey, Maryland, Texas and Illinois as well as large cities such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Chicago. This is largely due to the availability of jobs in larger cities as well as the personal preference of being a part of an urban and ethnically diverse environment. Yet, there are sizeable Asian Indian communities in suburban areas also such as Silver Springs in Maryland, San Jose and Fremont in California, Queens in New York and etc. (Bankston, 2006, p. 69-72). Education and career success are more highly valued among Indian immigrants as compared to other Asian groups. The 1990 US census report shows that 52 % of adult Asian Indians were college graduates which is considerably higher than the 35% rate among all adult Asian Americans. Their academic achievements were bolstered by their fluency in English. In addition, in 1990 over 80 percent of Indian male immigrants held a college degree and five percent of all Indian American doctors received their primary education in India. Due to the high educational status of Indian Americans, 65 percent of them worked as managers, or in the professional/technical industry (Helweg, 1990, p. 61). Many graduates from elite engineering institutions like IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) came to America for higher education at various educational institutions. Most of such graduates after finishing their higher studies from US universities used their new degrees to obtain positions with lucrative salaries, which in turn led them to work and settle in the United States. Very few of them returned to India immediately after finishing their higher education. In 2000, about 87% of Asian Indians had at least a High School Diploma and 70% had a Bachelors Degree or higher, and they were proficient in English. Of the general population, 33.6% were in management, professional, and related positions. Among the Asian Indian population, 59.9 % were in those types of position, which was more than any other Asian group. This was mainly because Indian Americans in fact were well-educated, hard-working, and proficient in the English language. Indian Americans had the highest labor force participation rate of about 79% as compared to all Asian Americans, who participated in the labor force at a rate of about 71%. Besides this, male Indian immigrants had median yearly earnings of $51,904, which was also more than any other Asian American group. As a result Asian Indians had a lower poverty rate than that of the total population (9.8% versus 12.4%). Moreover, statistics showed that Indians had a larger percentage (71.4) of the populace between the ages of 16 and 64 than any other Asian group, except immigrants from Thailand (82.2%) (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Accordingly, Indian Americans remain one of the most socio-economically successful groups of all immigrants or ethnicities in the U.S. and are often presented as a model from which other ethnic/immigrant groups could learn. As Wadhwa reports on Bloomberg Businessweek in 2006: Not only are they leaving their mark in the field of technology, but also in real estate, journalism, literature, and entertainment. They run some of the most successful small businesses and lead a few of the largest corporations. Valuable lessons can be learned from their various successes (Wadhwa, 2006, Bloomberg Business Week). This article also cites twelve main factors that account for the success of Indian Americans such as education, upbringing, hard work, entrepreneurial spirit, social networks, integration into the U.S. society, etc. These statistics show and prove that Indian immigrants tend to have high levels of education and English proficiency, which gives them an advantage over other Asian communities. However, along with the advantages, there are also issues such as assimilation, religious beliefs, traditions and race which are also challenging. 2.3 Generational Change After many years these immigrants over time settled and became permanent citizens, who are treated as first-generation of Asian Indian Americans. This led to multiple generations of Indian Americans. The children of the first-generation, unlike their parents, grew up with an Indian culture and an American culture. Due to this different background, historians distinguish between first, second, and third-generations of Asian Indian Americans who differ in terms of their values, customs and traditions. First-generation Indian Americans from the Indian subcontinent are more familiar with the culture of India as well as the culture of America. They tend to be more traditional than later generations. Attempting to preserve their religious and cultural heritage, these first-generation Indian Americans built temples and formed local organizations representative of the subcultures (Sindi, Gujarati, Tamil, and Bengali) from which they came. Parents exposed their children to those subcultures through functions hosted by these organizations and within their home (Bankston, 2006, p. 73). In the case of second-generation of the Indian Americans, most of their traditional and cultural values were slowly changed. They grow up in American culture and learn more about American culture and at the same time they used to face Indian traditions in their homes. Following this dual culture lead to understand and search their identity in the society. As cultural historians have suggested, they find themselves at a place in-between the Indian and the American cultures due to the adoption of American culture as well as compromise of some Indian traditions. Third-generation Asian Indian Americans, who strongly adhere to the U.S. cultural values, but do not endorse any traditional Asian Indian values, could be said to be highly acculturated but not enculturated (Tewari, 2009, p. 105). They are naturalized citizens of America and they do not fit India. However, physically they are always tied to India because of their appearance. Those immigrants who succeed in business can shed the label of immigrant, while those who are poor continue to be viewed as immigrants, even though their family has been in the U.S. for three generations.

Thoeries Of Evolution Essay -- essays research papers fc

Thoeries of Evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evolution is the process by which living organisms originated on earth and have changed their forms to adapt to the changing environment. The earliest known fossil organisms are the single-celled forms resembling modern bacteria; they date from about 3.4 billion years ago. Evolution has resulted in successive radiations of new types of organisms, many of which have become extinct, but some of which have developed into the present fauna and flora of the world (Wilson 17).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evolution has been studied for nearly two centuries. One of the earliest evolutionists was Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, who argued that the patterns of resemblance found in various creatures arose through evolutionary modifications of a common lineage. Naturalists had already established that different animals are adapted to different modes of life and environmental conditions; Lamarck believed that environmental changes evoked in individual animals direct adaptive responses that could be passed on to their offspring as inheritable traits. This generalized hypothesis of evolution by acquired characteristics was not tested scientifically during Lamarck's lifetime. A successful explanation of evolutionary processes was proposed by Charles Darwin. His most famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859), is a landmark in human understanding of nature. Pointing to variability within species, Darwin observed that while offspring inherit a resemblance to their parents, they are not identical to them. He further noted that some of the differences between offspring and parents were not due soley to the environment but were themselves often inheritable. Animal breeders were often able to change the characteristics of domestic animals by selecting for reproduction those individuals with the most desirable qualities. Darwin reasoned that, in nature, individuals with qualities that made them better adjusted to their environments or gave them higher reproductive capacities would tend to leave more offspring; such individuals were said to have higher fitness. Because more individuals are born than survive to breed, constant winnowing of the less fit-a natural selection-should occur, leading to a population that is well adapted to the environment it inhabits. When environmental conditions change, po... ...le in the short term have broad tolerances, which may better enable them to survive extensive changes. Human beings are uniquely adapted in that they make and use tools and devices and invent and propogate procedures that give them extended control over their environments. Humans are significantly changing the environment itself. The effects are most complex and cannot be predicted, and yet like the likelihood is that evolutionary patterns in the future will reflect the influence of the human species(Microsoft96). Works Cited Ardrey, Robert. The Hunting Hypothesis: A Personal Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerning the Evolutionary Nature of Man. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Antheneum, 1976. Encarta 96. Computer Software. Microsoft, 1995. Gribbon, John and Cherfas, Jeremy. The Monkey Puzzle: Reshaping the Evolutionary Tree. Philly: Pantheon, 1982. Reader, John. Missing links: The Hunt for Earliest Man. Boston: Little, 1981 Schwartz, Jeffery H. The Red Ape: Orang-Utans and Human Origins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  San Francisco: Houghton, 1987. Wilson, Peter J. The Domestication of the Human Species. Oxford:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yale, 1991.

An Open Campus is a Bad Idea Essay -- public school

Wandering kids. Bumper to bumper traffic. Drug dealing. Is this the picture drawn when local students have fifty minutes of freedom during lunch to do whatever they please? Students should not be allowed to leave their school campus during lunch. An open campus would lead to truancy, disturb local businesses and neighborhoods, and cause crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Truancy can occur among students if an open campus is accepted. If students have the privilege to leave school for fifty whole minutes on their own, then they have the freedom to not come back. It would break the trust between students and educators, and harsher rules would have to be enforced on the open campus rule. Numerous students who decide to ditch the remaining periods would have an excessive amount of in-school absences. This could lead to parent conferences and suspension, and possibly expulsion in some cases. When a student misses or skips a class, the information taught that day would not be accessible in the same format which others have learned. One?s academic grades can be effected from lack of information by truancy. Irresponsible students who choose to take the risk of leaving their school after lunch for the remainder of the day will not have this opportunity if an open campus is kept closed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Local businesses and neighborhoods can be disturbed if open campuses are permitted during the lunch hour. When groups of students are on their break, they can cause a commotion and be quite noisy among one a...

Acetylene Lab

Chemistry 12 Acetylene Lab March 8th, 2013 Hypothesis If the amount of gas is increase, it would have a fully combustion because it contains more carbon ions after the combination. Observation % of gas in the test tube ( approximately) % of O2 in the test tube (approximately) Black soot What kind of sound is produced? Trail# 1 70. 00% 30. 00% Yes (Whole test tube) â€Å"Puff† Trail# 2 50. 00% 50. 00% Yes â€Å"Puff† Trail# 3 10. 00% 90. 00% Few( head of the test tube) High pitch â€Å"Pop† DiscussionThe observation table do not support the hypothesis, since it shows the result that as the amount of acetylene gas decreases and oxygen gas increases, there would be a greater chance of a complete combustion. In trail# 1, investigators use 70% acetylene gas and 30% of oxygen gas, which become incomplete combustion. Black soot represents pure carbon, which means it do not have a complete combustion since fully combustion's formula should have a double replacement which form carbon dioxide and water vapour. Also, when a complete combustion occurs, the test tube should be clean, because there is more oxygen gas to burn the acetylene gas.However, during the experiment, the investigators make some human errors such as do not use precise measurement for the acetylene gas and the oxygen gas, acetylene gas leaked from the test tube etc. Conclusion Even though this experiment do not have a fully complete combustion, the investigators can still predict that the less volume of acetylene gas are in the test tube and more volume of oxygen gas are in the test tube, it will have a better chance to form a complete combustion. To improve the quality of the experiment, ensure to use precise measurement and make less human errors as possible or perform the experiment few more times.

A Sunrise on the Veld Essay

â€Å"A Sunrise on the Veld† is a short story written by British author Doris Lessing. It tells the story of a boy who is filled with the excitement and wonder of life and the world around him. However, he soon discovers the darker side of reality, which is that living things must die. This story explores feelings of invincibility that many people have had in their youths. It also describes feelings of fear, anger and grief that most humans feel when they must face the reality of suffering and death. After witnessing the death of a small helpless buck, the boy comes to the realization that there are events and circumstances in life that he cannot control. At the beginning of the story, the boy awakens early in the morning and feels like he has control over himself and his environment. He has trained himself to wake at half-past four without the use of his alarm clock. He was feeling invincible, full of life and completely in control. He took his gun and went outdoors, taking his dogs with him. He was aware of every sensation he felt; the cold ground beneath his feet, the dew covered grass, and the chilled steel of his gun. He was filled with a fascination of the world around him. â€Å"Then he began to run, not carefully, as he had before , but madly, like a wild thing. He was clean crazy, yelling mad with the joy of living and a superfluity of youth.† He thought he could â€Å"contain the world and make of it what I want.† He soon learned otherwise. While in his state of exuberance, his celebration of life was interrupted by the small cries of a creature in pain. He saw a buck in the grass dying, and covered in black ants. He realized there was nothing he could do for the poor animal. He had no control over this. As he looked at the dying buck he said under his breath, â€Å"I can’t stop it. I can’t stop it. There is nothing I can do.† The ants were around him and he shouted defiantly at them saying, â€Å"Go away! I am not for you–not just yet at any rate. Go away.† â€Å"And he fancied that the ants turned and went away.† The boy still wanted to believe that he had control over things concerning his life. After the buck’s skeleton had been stripped clean by the ants, the boy went over to examine it closely. He thought about how it looked when it was alive. Perhaps it was running and romping in the veld earlier that morning, just as he had. He thought of how it must have sniffed at the cold morning air and walking through the grass. The boy came face to face with death, and knew it happens to all living creatures. He also realized that even though he could control what he does to some extent, there were things in this world that no one can control. The knowledge of fatality, of what has to be, had gripped him and for the first time in his life. Death is inevitable, every living thing or creature is destined to die one time during his life. The kind of beauty the boys valued differed in several ways as it’s is being unfolded in the story. The boy in â€Å"A Sunrise on the Veld† felt a love for nature without having a clear understanding of what nature is. In cooperation the two characters experienced an anxiety and enthusiasm towards their obsessions. He was very willing to wake up and go into the infinite fields of life. He felt a feeling of oneness when he came in touch with what nature displays to him. The author tries to showcase of the beauty in natural scenery as she tries to breakdown the restrictions found in isolation between what a mind of child and that of an adult.

Literary Analysis of Robin Goodfellow in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay

Numerous scholars who examine and analyze the comedy of A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare point to Puck as the most significant character in the play. Although Shakespeare masks Puck’s important role in the comedy by hiding him amongst the more powerful characters, it becomes apparent that Puck’s mischievous attitude and knack for creating chaos are what moves the play along without a designated climax (â€Å"The Comedies: ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream†). Puck is first introduced in â€Å"Act II Scene I† when a fairy notions Puck’s infamy by inquiring to him, â€Å"Either I mistake your shape and making quite, Or else you are that shrewd and knavish sprite called Robin Goodfellow† (II. i. 33-35). The fact that Puck is especially known for his ability to morph order to disorder, and likewise, foreshadows the idea of Puck playing an important role in the inevitable chaos and subsequent order between both the mortals and the fairies. Puck, the â€Å"shrewd and knavish† fairy assistant to Oberon, plays and undeniably important part in the constant battle between order and disorder in A Midsummer Night’s Dream through his intentional antics, comedic mistakes, and convoluted relationship with both fairies and mortals. The names â€Å"Robin Goodfellow† and â€Å"Puck† were used in traditional fairy lore me as a sobriquet for the devil. The troublesome persona of Puck reflects his name indubitably. One of the predominant characteristics of Puck is his ability to create disorder, where he first displays this nature in â€Å"Act II Scene II† when he mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and anoints his eyes with a love potion. When Lysander wakes up, he immediately falls in love with Helena, discarding his true love, Hermia, by saying, â€Å"Hang off, thou cat, thou burr! Vile thing, let loose† (III. ii. 270). Puck’s next act of mischief in the play is directed towards Nick Bottom and Titania, when he transforms Bottom’s head into that of a burro in order to cause Titania, who was under a love potion, to fall madly in love with him upon her awakening. He expresses his gleeful attitude towards the situating by declaring, â€Å"My mistress with a monster is in love† (III. ii. 6). When listening to Puck’s dialogue between other characters in the play, one can observe that Puck enjoys bringing about chaos to mortals in order to entertain himself and his master, Oberon, just as Philostrate organizes entertainment for his master, Theseus (â€Å"Puck Through the Ages†). That being said, Robin also plays a major part in returning order to the turmoil he formerly caused. In â€Å"Act III Scene II,† at the height of the confusion in which all four Athenian lovers along with Titania and Bottom were affected by magic, Puck begins his campaign to mend the discord. First, he squeezes the love potion into Demetrius’ eyes in order to get him to fall in love with Helena. Then, Puck casts a thick fog on the forest and imitates both Lysander and Demetrius’ voices to get all four lovers to wander near each other without noticing and sleep. Once asleep, Robin squeezes the love potion once more on Lysander’s eyes and declares a return to order by saying, â€Å"Jack shall have Jill, Nought shall go ill; The man shall have his mare again, and all shall be well† (III. ii. 461-63). By using the same kind of mischief that caused the disorder in the first place, Puck was able to harness its power and fix the conflict to restore peace again. Through his manipulation and mischief, Robin Goodfellow was able to conjure up both order and disorder in order to entertain himself, his master, and everyone who hears the play. Furthermore, he moved the play along without a climax by altering the â€Å"reality† that the play contained. Puck even left the audience in confusion when he gave the last word, saying that us the readers could decide for ourselves if the play was real or not. These contributions alone are why Puck is considered the most important character and why the play itself makes sense, is a comedy, and is still a classic example of literature today.

Organizational Management and Operations Paper Essay

In this organizational management and operations paper the student will identify, compare, and contrast the policing function at the local, state, and federal organizational levels. The student will analyze how organizational, management, administration, and operational functions at these three organizational levels. The student will identify in what ways the different organizational levels are similar or different and why. Finally, the leadership characteristics and responsibilities pertaining to each organizational level will be identified. Local Law Enforcement There are many roles in which local law enforcement agencies take part in. The duties, functions, and responsibilities of local law enforcement agencies are broken down into many different roles. Local law enforcement agencies are in place to provide routine patrol of the communities within their jurisdictions. They provide emergency services, and uphold traffic enforcement laws. They conduct criminal investigations/planning and analysis. They provide detention for adults and juveniles, offer community services, crime prevention communications, community relations, and much more. State Law Enforcement State law enforcement consists of state police departments and highway patrol. State law enforcement is like a local or county police department, only with a much larger jurisdiction. State police departments usually have many specialized units, such as investigative branches, aviation units, and tactical teams. Highway Patrol Officers, on the other hand, usually are tasked with ensuring the safety of the roadways of the state. Many states also have additional specialized state agencies. Some states with highway  patrols have a separate state investigative agency. For instance, Florida’s FDLE conducts statewide investigations and assists local and county agencies with complex investigations of their own. One may think of this like a â€Å"state FBI.† Federal Law Enforcement There are two different types of federal agencies, uniformed agencies and investigative agencies (although some do both). They provide uniformed law enforcement services for a specific location, such as The White House, United States Capital, FBI Building, US Parks, Supreme Court, various federal buildings. The other main type of federal agency is the investigative agency. These agencies have an assigned section of the United States Code that they enforce. For example, the DEA deals with drug laws, and the Secret Service focuses on crimes involving currency. In addition to the common agencies, all federal departments have an Office of the Inspector General that employs criminal investigators to investigate fraud within the department. On the negative side, working for the federal government can mean that one is at their beck and call when concerning relocation. While obviously not a concern with some of the uniformed agencies, relocation can be a concern if one works for the more nat ionalized federal agencies. For the most part local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies share the same directives as well as support and oversee the same laws of the land. The only obvious differences that these three agencies have are their jurisdictions, resources, staffing, funding, budgets, support, and operations. In today’s society the roles and duties that are assigned to law enforcement will continue to change every day. Organizational Management In the early 1990s the New York Police Department (NYPD) was as â€Å"paralyzed† basically reluctant to act out of fear of making mistakes. As an organization the NYPD suffered with productivity from the officers up to and including the chief (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013). The crime reporting system used was extremely dated hence the creation of a new software system that analyzed crime data entered into a computer, which maintained statistics (COMPSTAT). This data was evaluated regularly, which offered commanders the ability to develop strategies for awareness, patrol, and  resource allocation, solving crimes, and quality of life improvement for the citizens in the jurisdiction. If the data is entered in COMPSAT properly, estimates of crimes can be made to include what type, times of day, and locations (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013). This valuable management tool allows chiefs, sheriffs, and commanders with a graphic representation of what is occurring in an area of responsibility, which will assist with organizational management. Developing awareness of when and where crimes are likely to be committed allows supervisors to allocate resources in those potentially affected areas to aid in crime reduction. This tool helps with long-term (proactive) planning by knowing how many patrols are needed in certain areas and what times they need to be present (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013). The COMPSTAT predictions also can be beneficial when projecting operational and functional budgets for the fiscal budget. The COMPSTAT data blended with actual crime reporting can justify resource allocation both for personnel and money. Finally the principles of COMPSTAT are only beneficial if the officers, patrols, and supervisors conduct follow-up assessments to ensure the desired results are actually achieved. COMPSTAT is a proven to ol for organizational management, but like any tool if not used properly it could be more harmful than valuable (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013). Administration and Operational Aspects Within any law enforcement agency, the administration section is a paramount tool. Some of the many duties that fall under the task of the administration section include training (includes sworn officers and civilians), computer systems, departmental forms, budgets, and records just to name a few (Police Administration Division, 2013). The responsibility of this section will usually lie in the hands of a Lieutenant or Sergeant who will answer to the Chief or Sheriff. The agency relies heavily on this section for up to date information. If there is a lapse in judgment or something is forgotten, it can have a drastic impact. For example, if records are not maintained properly, officers will have issues with they stop someone and run their information. That person could be wanted for murder and the officer would never know. Law enforcement is always expanding and looking to improve on how operations  are conducted. It is essential that the agency keeps an open mind and looks to make changes when needed. For example, if the agency hires a transfer from another department and that officer thinks there is a better way to handle a specific aspect of law enforcement, the agency should consider what that officer is saying. The department that the officer came from may have some technology or information that the new agency does not. Leadership Characteristics and Responsibilities The leadership characteristics and responsibilities at the different levels are very similar. Leaders are born, not made. The leadership traits are developed through education, training and hard work. Leaders inspire others by setting an example. They show others that they care and have compassion for those that they lead. Leaders accept the fact that mistakes happen and a part of the job. They prevail against the odds not letting the obstacles get in the way. A leader’s since of duty calls them toward quality not quantity. They believe in the people they lead. Effective leadership encompasses both tactical and technical proficiencies. Leaders do not forget where they came from, regardless of rank. Higher ranking officers have a unique responsibility to demonstrate leadership and this is their primary operational function. (Gonzalez, 2014) Conclusion With the onset of a new millennium, American police agencies face new challenges. The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon changed the way in which law enforcement collectively thinks about public safety and security. Priorities for training at all levels, equipment, strategies, and funding have transformed policing once again this time focusing on homeland security history of American police systems from the English heritage through the last years of the 20thcentury. A number of present-day issues have roots in different epochs of American history. For example, the idea of community policing is traced to the colonial period and to medieval England. Preventive patrol, legitimacy, authority, and professionalism are 18th and 19th century concepts. Riots, disorders, and corruption are not new to American policing, similar events occurred in the 19th century. Thus by virtue of studying history, this can give contextual  meaning to current police problems, ideas, and situations. Looking at the past, present-day events can be better understood. References Bechtel, H. K. (1995). State Police in the United States. Westport conn: Greenwood Press. Bryan Vila, C. M. (1994). Police in Contradiction: The Evolution of the Police Funtion in Society. Westport: Greenwood Press. Bryan Vila, C. M. (1999). The Role of Police in American Society. Westport: Greenwood Press. Gonzalez, R. (2014). 10 key qualities of law enforcement leaders. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from Police One.com: http://www.policeone.com/news/1204313-10-key-qualities-of-law-enforcement-leaders/ Harvard Kennedy School. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.innovations.harvard.edu/awards.html?id=3716 Police Administration Division. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.mysanibel.com/Departments/Police-including-Emergency-Management/Police-Administrative-Division Roberts, D. J. (2013). Technology Is Playing an Expanding Role in Policing. The Police Chief, Retrieved from http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&issue_id=12011&category_ID=4 Uchida, C. D. (2004). Justice and Security Stratagies. Inc .

Promote equality and Inclusion in health and social Essay

Diversity, Equality and Inclusion. Diversity Diversity is the difference between individuals and groups. This can be the differences in culture, nationality, ethnic origin, religion, beliefs, sexual orientation, gender, age, social class or abilities. Equality Equality is the promotion of individual’s rights; it is giving the individual choice and opportunity. It is giving the individual respect and treating them fair. As a health and social care worker you should provide care and support to meet the own individuals needs and preferences. see more:inclusion in health and social care Inclusion In health and Social care Inclusion is when the individuals are at the centre of planning and support. An example of this is providing person centred care plans and ensure that the individual was part of putting this together. Discrimination and Inclusive Practice There are many different forms of discrimination, ‘direct discrimination’, ‘indirect discrimination’, and ‘institutional discrimination’. Discrimination can lead to individuals being treated less favourably than others, losing chances for opportunity, become labelled and be stereotyped and can cause a loss of self-esteem. Inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity. In health and social care settings there are policies and procedures that promote inclusive practice and challenge discrimination, they promote rights, empower individuals and remove any barriers restricting them. Individual’s differences should be valued and celebrated. Working in an Inclusive way. In health and Social care there are legislations, codes of practice and policies in the workplace setting relating to equality, diversity and  discrimination. These include the human rights act 1998, the disability discrimination act 2005, Special educational needs and disability act 2001, Race relations (Amendment) act 2000, The equality act 2010, and the European convention on human rights. The way you interact with an individual can show whether you respect that individuals beliefs, culture, values and preferences. In your workplace setting, whether you are interacting with colleagues or service users it is important that you use active listening and is helpful if you have a knowledge of individuals, for example beliefs, cultures, values and preferences. Be able to maintain and individual’s confidentiality where appropriate and communicate in the individuals prefer method. Promote diversity, equality and Inclusion An example of Inclusive practice is encouraging choices, independence, empowering them as individuals and removing any barriers to access. Promote equality and rights, for example opportunity’s should be provided and the access according to the individuals needs. As a health and social care worker it is important that you can recognise discrimination and challenge it. Recognise stereotypes in attitudes or written materials and understand and be able to adapt own beliefs and attitudes. You should know how to report concerns regarding discrimination according to own policy and procedures.

Communication research techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Communication research techniques - Essay Example The positivist view is sometimes referred to as a scientist ideology, and is often shared by technocrats who believe in the necessity of progress through scientific progress, and by Naturalism, who argue that any method for gaining knowledge should be limited to natural, physical, and material approaches. As an approach to the philosophy of science deriving from Enlightenment thinkers like Pierre-Simon Laplace (and many others), positivism was first systematically theorized by Comte, who saw the scientific method as replacing metaphysics in the history of thought, and who observed the circular dependence of theory and observation in science. Comte was thus one of the leading thinkers of the social evolutionism thought. Comte was heavily influential to Brazilian thinkers. They turned to his ideas about training scientific elite in order to flourish in the industrialization process. Some Brazilians were intrigued by this model that was present in the French revolution and Enlightenment ideas. However, this created issues with the church because these positivist ideas were secular and encouraged the separation of Church and state. Brazil's national motto, Ordem e Progresso ("Order and Progress") was taken from Comte's positivism, also influential in Poland. Positivism is the most evolved stage of society in anthropological evolutionism, the point where science and rational explanation for scientific phenomena develops. In a positivist view of the world, science was seen as the way to get at truth, to understand the world well enough so that we might predict and control it. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism) In light of positivism and post-positivism, researchers and scientists should endeavor to always think about the assumptions made about the world during the conducting of research. Post positivism Post-positivism is also called post-empiricism, and is a meta-theoretical stance following positivism. One major advocate of post-positivism was Sir Karl Popper. Others like Nicholas Rescher and John Dewey have also been mentioned in connection with post positivism. Post positivism is a research position or mentality that recognizes most of the criticisms that have been identified against traditional logical positivism, but is also critical about the misconceptions about positivism itself. Thus, post-positivists believe that human knowledge is not based on unchallengeable, rock-solid foundations; it is conjectural. But they think we do have real grounds, or warrants, for asserting these beliefs or conjectures, although these warrants can be modified or withdrawn in the light of further investigation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpositivism) One very common form of post-positivism is a philosophy known as critical realism. Critical realism postulates that there is a reality that can be scientifically studied, which is independent of our thoughts. This contrasts with the subjectivist view which holds that there is no external reality, and that we are all making this up. Positivists are also realists. The difference between positivism and po

Literature discussion on Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Essay

Literature discussion on Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example His belief that theory should be tested chiefly by experience - not logic - also reflects the belief of his age that reason should be tested pragmatically. His works reflect the growing awareness of America as a country with values and interests distinct from those of England. In the later eighteenth century, ethnic and religious traditions were shed and in their place a national identity based on shared ideas was embraced. This was seen by many progressive intellectuals as ways to free the individual from the constricting hand of the repressive past. Franklin's writings were influential in this regard. Writing in the first person is a technique that Thomas Paine effectively used as a writer. With it, he was able to spread his views. Paine was considered a radical pamphleteer as he had anticipated and helped stir up the American Revolution through his powerful writings. For example, it was common sense to support the colonies in their fight with England and to this effect he put out a small pamphlet, Common Sense. The purpose was to effect a powerful change in the minds of many men, and won, at a critical time, a number of American colonists over to the cause of independence. Yes, Paine is forthright in his writings. He wrote of human conditions that meant little to anyone in those years.

Ebusiness strategy of netflix Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ebusiness strategy of netflix - Term Paper Example The internet has played a major role in shaping the businesses of today. Whether it is related to managing inventory, past data, customer data or complex functions like smart reimbursement of inventory levels, identifying consumer patterns or trends etc., the internet plays a significant role in the operations and management of almost every business of today. It has become so entrenched in today’s world that is imperative for businesses to maintain an online presence as well to interact with customers, spread product awareness and showcase their offerings. According to Michael E. Porter, the internet is not a new technology for today’s world. It has been there for more than a decade now and organizations should be smart enough to learn from the risks that can be associated with integrating business with the internet. Now is the age of accepting the internet as an ‘enabling technology’ that can help businesses cut down on their costs significantly, position their brand better and create a more competitive marketplace (Porter, 2001). This too is only possible if a strategically drafted competitive strategy is in place to attract the target market. Netflix is targeted towards dominating the Internet TV category. However, the internet does not bind the competitors as such and with the shift of its DVD business towards live streaming, the challenge does not remain in maintaining the best logistics system rather, it has shifted to maintaining relationships with the video providers. Netflix’s main competitor, Blockbuster, closed down recently but this is due to restructuring and not bankruptcy (Indiviglio, 2010). They are expected to come back into the market with bigger and better services that Netflix cannot ascertain completely at this point. Netflix accepts that the DVD rental is not feasible in the long run and has to be let go of at some point in time. However, it managed to aggravate a significant portion of its target

Audience Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Audience Analysis - Essay Example If a neighbor has the gun, then his or her neighbors will also clamor to have guns; in effect, resulting in an arms race. Because of the recent random mass shootings in which innocent people got killed, citizens now question the wisdom of having the Second Amendment, and the urgent need for gun controls. People who oppose guns come from a wide variety of sectors. The demographic factors are a mixture of concerned parents, peace advocates, worried citizens, and many other groups. In particular, the factors are by gender, age, race, educational attainment, income level, the martial status, party affiliation, religious preference, and the region or geography (Pew Research Center, 2011, para. 4). The politics of gun control and gun rights is complicated; public opinion on this matter has shifted markedly over the years. The audience profile should be analyzed so a speech can be suited to that particular demographic factor; for example, an audience composed mainly of well-educated people will most likely respond to logos, which is an appeal based on logic or reason while an audience composed of females may respond to pathos, an appeal to emotions. It is the duty of a speaker to research his audience in advance, so the speech can be a success. Pew Research Center (2011, January 13). Views of gun control – A detailed demographic breakdown. Pew Research Organization. Retrieved May 24, 2013, from

Reflective journal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflective journal - Research Paper Example Therefore, managers must be conscience of the ever-changing environmental dynamics for making appropriate decisions, strategies, and policies. Toys â€Å"R† Us-Australia has incorporated an adhocracy/creates culture where innovation and creativity is greatly encouraged as between the employees and the management with a long-term view of growth, product uniqueness, and maintaining market leadership. Removal of a key dimension such as empowerment will: Virgin’s founder and CEO, Richard Branson is well known for his strong work culture and strong business ethics. Virgin Atlantic has grown to become one of the largest airlines in Britain.(Martindale, 2007)His strong work ethic has seen the Virgin group grow rapidly since the terrorism scare in 2002. In line with this growth was the firm’s deviation from the norm by filling vacancies internally. This reward mechanism was highly motivational and saw capacity building amongst its employees build strongly in line with the firm’s overall growth and profit strategies. From such a young, inexperienced team, the management has grown from strength to strength and building a strong organizational culture based on performance setting, strong ethics, and dedication to close relations between various aspects of its business. A strong â€Å"create† culture is key for Toys â€Å"R† Us in light of the type of business it operates. The business primarily relies on high innovation and creativity to differentiate its products in the market as well as penetrating the market in line with the parent firm’s overall objectives of market dominance. Toys â€Å"R† Us has also diversified its business from traditional toy making to capture the broader market of expectant mothers under the line Babies â€Å"R† Us. The consolidation of this market requires extensive new product development to meet its profit

Business Planning- THE TWIST KETTLE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Planning- THE TWIST KETTLE - Assignment Example nturn that has negatively affected the purchasing power of most consumers, households are focused at buying low priced but quality products (Ruston, 2010). In this regard, Twist Kettle offers the best opportunity that will ultimately add value to our consumers. The high consumption of tea and coffee is one of the key aspects that have led to an expansion of kettle market. Even though most of the households did not take into consideration the environmental impact of the kettle they use during their household chores, the demand for eco-friendly kettle has significantly expanded (Abrams, 2003). This acts as a major basis for the preparation of our business plan. One of the major threats that Twist Kettle will face is stiff competition. It is worth to note that even though competitors have launched various energy saving kettles in the market, mainstream consumers are concerned about their prices, efficiency and ease of use (Lavee, Regev and Zeme, 2009). Through overcoming such barriers that affects the buying behavior of most consumers, Twist Kettle will ultimately attain a competitive edge. As depicted by Bigelow (2003) the quality of a product has a significant implication on the consumers buying behavior. One of the key elements covered by our business plan is on how to improve Twist Kettle to make it compatible with the needs of our consumers. For example, the kettle has a unique design that ensures that left and right handed consumers can easily adjust the temperature (Bigelow, 2003). In addition, consumers can choose their desired temperatures since the product offers various choices of temperatures. To ensure reliability of the Twist Kettle, we are focused at using heat resistant plastic during the production process. These materials will include polystyrene, polypropylene as well as low density polythene (Cohen, 2002). Being produced by Lavaware Company, the market price of Twist Kettles will be  £45 (Tanner, and Wolfing, 2003). With such a low price, most

Stress Management in Law Enforcement Research Paper

Stress Management in Law Enforcement - Research Paper Example Objective The Objective of this paper is to look into the importance of stress management in the law enforcement organizations and focus on the implementation techniques by the law enforcement agencies in contrast to the private organizations for managing this menace for their employees’ performance. Methodology Stress Management is quite generic topic which is wide spread over various professions. There is no profession or social activity in which stress is not produced. However there is an interaction among the people and there is a thinking capability of each person that distinguishes one from another, stress is there. Thus in order to approach the purpose of this paper, secondary research data is prominently used. There is a good material available online which needed to be carefully read and understood to extract the findings behind the main topic. Stress Management in law enforcement is interesting in the terms it has grown more important as the criminal activities around the globe are increasing nod thus more accountability surrounds the law enforcement personnel and police officers causing a state of mental stress. In order to find out the implementation activities by law enforcement agencies in order to train their staff to effectively cope up with the stress produced in their daily routine or in the cases of unpredictable incidents is studied through the journals and articles on this topic. As per Law Enforcement Stress Program, topics like anger management, self confidence, self esteem, performance stress; accountability handling and relationship building envelope the overall topic of stress management in law enforcement for which perception based strategies as well as action based strategies are employed. What is Stress? In any field, wherever there is a person to person contact, conflicts are the natural things to happen. People are reluctant to accept other’s opinions and the fact that every person is independent and different in terms of the perspective, he looks towards an issue creates conflicts. These conflicts are the primary reason of mental distress that we refer as stress. Stress keeps the person buy in unwanted distress of mental state and therefore it affects the capability of a person to focus or even think about a particular task. This advisedly affects the performance of a person in any activity he performs. This is also important to note that stress is not just an instantaneous state of the mind. Rather a mind can undergo stress that can affect the mental power and capability to focus for the lifetime. The state of stress keeps a person thinking about some particular issue with no direction and sometime even nothing is under focus but even then the mind is under stress. Mental stress does affect and propagates itself into physical stress too. Hence, a person under stress condition is unable to perform his or her tasks with a value addition input. There are various indications of persons who are under stress. However, these indications may differ from one person to another and also depend upon factors such as internal or external conditions. Some of these internal conditions are psychological pressure, cut-throat competition and incompetency issues. External conditions may be in the form of stressful conversation s with colleagues, bosses,

Development of Ophelia in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Development of Ophelia in Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare in the play â€Å"Hamlet† develops the character of Ophelia in three unique stages. Initially, Ophelia is portrayed as a normal and obedient character. As the play progresses, she falls madly in love and ultimately goes insane. Ophelia progresses in a negative direction as the plot of the play moves on. In the beginning of the play Ophelia is depicted as the normal, obedient daughter. Laertes explains to Ophelia that even if Hamlet says he loves her, he may not be telling the truth. After Laertes speaks, Ophelia respects the personal knowledge on relationships that he has to offer. Ophelia accepts his speech and â€Å"shall the effect of this good lesson keep as watchman to [her] heart† (I, III, 48-49). Ophelia listened to Laertes’ advice and obediently accepts his guidance. Moment’s later Ophelia’s father, Polonius, requests that Ophelia stop seeing Hamlet. In response, Ophelia says, â€Å"I shall obey, my Lord† (I, III, 140). Polonius’ word appears to be of importance when Ophelia responds in such a compliant manner. Primarily, Ophelia is interpreted as a well-behaved teenage girl, however this depiction soon changes. Although Laertes and Polonius try to steer Ophelia in the right direction, she ends up falling almost irrationally in love with Hamlet. Ophelias utter obedience leaves her vulnerable to the abuse of Hamlet, who accuses her of being unfaithful and deceptive. Ophelia claims that Hamlet â€Å"took [her] by the wrist and held [her] hard† (II, I, 97). Although Hamlet physically abuses Ophelia, her love for him is stronger than him mistreating her. While Hamlet tells Ophelia that his love for her has departed, she is in utter shock and dismay. Ophelia responds with â€Å"O heavenly powers, restore him!† (III, I, 153). Ophelia cannot believe that Hamlet no longer loves her and wishes that he would love her again once more. Her love is clearly consuming her every thought. Although Hamlet no longer loves Ophelia she cannot accept or cope with this reality and the stress ultimately leads to her death. After Ophelia realizes that Hamlet no longer has feelings for her, she goes insane. Ophelia sings a vulgar song about a maiden who is tricked into losing her virginity with a false promise of marriage. While Ophelia is prancing around singing her outrageous song, she relates her song to Hamlet. Ophelia says, â€Å"Quoth she, before you tumbled me, you promised me to wed† (IV,V,62-63). Ophelia felt that they were going to get married and she believed that Hamlet was certainly going to propose to her. Later, Ophelia fell into the water and drowned. The Queen speaks up and says, â€Å"Till that her garments, heavy with their drink, pulled the poor wretch from her melodious lay to muddy death† (IV,VII,196-198). Rather than trying to save herself, she passively let herself drown because she didn’t care to continue living without Hamlet. In the end, Ophelia’s emotions controlled her, and these negative emotions led to her demise. Ophelia develops over the course of the play in a number of ways. Initially she is obedient and normal, and later turns into a girl controlled by love and eventually she commits suicide. Ophelia is a dynamic character that changes throughout the play. Her blind passion for Hamlet causes her to lose the ability to think or act rationally. Life, to her, is meaningless without him, and she chooses death over life. Ophelia surely progressed through the play in a negative manner.